Journal of the Kurdish Academy

"Number in the Badini Dialect "A phonological and Morphological study

کاژین عبدی

This research is entitled (Number in the Badini Dialect “A Phonological and Morphological study ”). This research aims to identify the phonetic phenomena that affect the form of some numbers, the role of numbers in the formation of new words, and the morphological structure of numbers that are different in terms of structure. This resarch was conducted accordin to the descriptive analytical method. We have concluded that phonetic phenomena (partial assimilation, mutation, elision, insertion) play a role in the formation of some number forms, and that number plays a very active role in the formation of new words. The research consists of two parts. Part one covers the following topics (concepts, terminology and numerical recognition, typs of numbers in terms of existence, types of numbers in terms of meaning, concepts, definitions, characteristics and types of morphemes). The second part is divided into two sections. In the first section, the phonetic phenomena that occur in the form of numbers are discussed. The second section covers the following topics (number variations in terms of structure, numbers and parts of speech, numbers and the formation of new consonants, numbers and the phenomenon of morphophonemes, numbers and empty morph, numbers and repetition).

Key words: number, phonological phenomena, morphophonemes, empty morph, repetition.

Preservation of Heritage in Duhok Province (Example the Stone Hotel in Sarsang)

هاوار نەجمەددین, كوڤان إحسان یاسین

خلاصة

عندما ننظر الى عمارة "الفندق الحجري" في سرسنك، نشعر بالقيم والسمات التاريخية الموجودة فيها، بحيث كانت نقطة انطلاق السياحة بمفاهيمها الحديثة. الفندق ذات الثمانون سنة، كانت مسرحة لأحداث تاريخية، التي اثرت على مجرى تاريخ العراق وكوردستان في تلك الفترة. سيسلط هذا البحث ولأول مرة عن تاريخ هذا التراث وبيان الهوية المعمارية لها، أي العمارة الحديثة، وتعتبر نموذج من عمارة الفريدة والنادرة على مستوى كوردستان العراق بشكل عام، إضافة الى ذلك حافظ هذا التراث على سماته المعمارية، رغم وجود الصيانة فيها لمرات عديدة، ولكن الترميم والصيانة الغير علمية قد اثرت كثيراً على القيمة المعمارية لهذا الموقع، القيمة الطبيعية لموقع الفندق قد تأثرت في الآونة الأخيرة، بسبب بناء منشاة أخرى بالقرب من الموقع، وهذا اثرت بشكل سلبي لمحور الرؤية والحركة بالقرب من هذا الصح التاريخي. باستخدام المصادر التاريخية سنحاول سرد قصة بناءها وتاريخها، ومن خلال الوثائق والصور ومخططات، سنحاول فهم أعماق العمارة في الموقع، إضافة الى فهم مواد البناء. لحسن الحظ تم صيانتها اخيراً من قبل شركة، ليصبح واجهة سياحية لزوار، لكي يستمتعوا بجمال المنطقة ويمزج بين القديم والجديد في عمارة واحدة.

The Structure of the Kurdish Syllable in Generative Phonology (A Case Study of the Sorani Dialect)

ته‌لار عمر

Sounds are the essence of language, as every language fundamentally begins with sounds, Through a finite number of sounds, humans create an infinite number of syllables, morphemes, words, and linguistic terms. These syllables, words, and linguistic terms are not always pronounced identically; rather, variations in pronunciation occur due to surrounding contexts or through the phonemic representation of language in the formation of larger units. Consequently, the fundamental building blocks of basic speech construction are phonemes, which are the smallest linguistic units that, while lacking inherent meaning, serve as catalysts for semantic change. Generative phonology focuses on phonetic and phonological aspects, examining how sounds are produced and combined to form syllables.

A syllable represents a linguistic unit associated with vowels. These vowels (the syllable nucleus) derive their syllabic strength according to vowel length, whereby syllables are determined by the duration of vowels. Syllable structure refers to the organizational patterns and arrangement of sounds for creating meaningful utterances in a specific language. Syllables serve as the foundation of words and exert influence on word formation and pronunciation patterns.

The Use of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Detecting Fake News and Media Content in Kurdish Satellite Channels

احمد حمەكریم, Hardawan Kakashekh

This study seeks to explore technological solutions for detecting and countering fake news and manipulated media content within Kurdish satellite channels, through the effective use and application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques. The primary objective of this research is to examine the critical aspects of artificial intelligence techniques that can play an effective role in analyzing and categorizing content, as well as identifying fake news and manipulated media content. In the contemporary era, the rapid advancement of technology and the widespread adoption of social media platforms have contributed to making the dissemination of fake news and manipulated media content a global and domestic challenge, which has direct and indirect impacts on market dynamics and the psychological and social dimensions of users. The present study employs a methodology of in-depth interviews with a purposive sample of news department managers from Kurdish satellite channels and journalists who participated in artificial intelligence (AI) training courses, as well as with experts and specialists in the field of artificial intelligence techniques. The research endeavors to identify and analyze those strategies and techniques that can be utilized as effective tools in the detection and classification of fake news and inaccurate media content. Among the most significant findings reached by the researchers is that the majority of Kurdish satellite channels do not rely on artificial intelligence techniques for detecting fake news and manipulated media content. This is attributed to the unavailability of artificial intelligence applications for the Kurdish language.

The Use of Proverbs in the Poetry of the Poet (Hizrvan)

رەمەزان قادر, Hozan Ibraheem

Proverbs (wise sayings) are part of verbal literature within the domains of folklore and occupy a significant space in Kurdish folklore literature. In terms of terminology, they are concise expressions that carry deep and complex meanings. Regarding their purpose and definition, proverbs provide guidance and educational advice.

 Since poetry also requires a deep, complex and impactful language, the poet sees proverbs as one of the best tools to achieve this purpose. How has (Hizrvan) benefited from proverbs, how they are used in poetry, and the extent of their usage.

A research conducted called "The Use of Proverbs in the Poetry of (Hizrvan)", which consist of two chapters. The first chapter discusses the definition, significance, and ways to benefit from proverbs. The second chapter delves more deeply into how the poet Hizrvan incorporated proverbs into his poetry. This research also contains of an abstract in all three languages, Kurdish, Arabic and English, and introduction, outcome of the research and list of references.

Keywords: Folklore, Proverbs, Poetry, Use of, Benefit from.

بەراوردییەکا شوناسەییا سروشت وگوندایەتیێ ژلایێ سەقا وجهێن ئاکنجیبوونێ، دناڤبەرا ڕۆمانێن(گوند) و (تحت ظلال النخيل)دا

كاروان حەسەن

 شوناس وەکو بابەتەکێ گرنگ ژچەندین سالوخەت وتایبەتمەندیان پێک دهێت، کو دبنە ئەگەرێ ژێک جوداکرنا کەسایەتی ومللەتێن ژێک جودا، هەر مللەتەکی هندەک تایبەتمەندی هەنە دبنە شوناسەکا تایبەت بۆ وی جودا ژمللەتێن دیتر. دڤێ ڤەکولینێدا بەراوردی دناڤبەرا سەقا وجهێن ئاکنجیبوونێ،وەکو تایبەتمەندی وشوناسەکا تایبەت بۆ دوو نەتەوێن ژێک جیاواز هاتییە ئەنجامدان. لەوڕا دڤەکولینێدا بزاڤ هاتییە کرن کا ئایا سەقا وجهـ وشێوازێن ئاڤەدانکرنێ چەوا دبنە شوناسەیەکا تایبەت بۆ دوو مللەتان؟هەروەسا ئەو چ فاکتەرێن سەرەکینە بووینە ئەگەر کو سەقا وجهێن ئاکنجیبوونێ شوناسەکا تایبەت بدەنە وان دەڤەران؟ پێکهاتا ڤێ ڤەکولینێ ژپێشەکییەکێ ودوو پشکان پێک دهێت. دپشکا ئێکێدا سەقایێ باشورێ کوردستان ودەڤەرا ئەهواران ل باشورێ عیراقێ هاتینە ڕوونکرن زێدەباری دیارکرنا ڕەنگڤەدانا سەقای دڕۆمانانێن [گوند] و[تحت ظلال النخيل] دا. دپشکا دووێدا جهێن ئاکنجیبوون وشێوازێن ئاڤەدانیێ ل هەردوو دەڤەران هاتینە باس کرن. دگەل ڕەنگڤەدانا وان دهەردوو ڕۆماناندا. ول داویێ ڤەکولین ب کومەکا ئەنجام ولیستا ژێدەران وپوختەیا ڤەکولینێ ب چەند زمانێن جیاواز ب دووماهیک دهێت .

بەرجەستەکردنى گومان لە هەردوو توخمى کارەکتەر و زمان لە ڕۆمانى "کەناڵى مەیموونە چەکدارەکان"ى کاروان کاکەسووردا

Doubt, as a fundamental element in the construction of a novel, often serves as the primary driving force behind the writing and creative process. It becomes a tool for investigation, questioning, and reflection on one or more perceived truths. By employing doubt, the novelist constructs an artistic framework for inquiry, expressing uncertainty through the dialogue and behaviour of characters. Moreover, doubt shapes both the structure and direction of the narrative, inviting readers to critically engage with the unfolding story.

This research, titled “The Embodiment of Doubt in Both Character and Language in Karwan Kakasur’s The Channel of the Armed Monkeys,” seeks to conduct a detailed investigation into the relationship between doubt and narrative elements. In this novel, doubt functions as a central theme, casting its influence from beginning to end. It impacts plot progression and character development alike. Through layers of uncertainty and hesitation, the narrative explores complex philosophical questions about belief, faith, and reality. This study aims to examine how doubt acts as a catalyst for character transformation and thematic depth.

ڕەنگدانەوەی کچ و دەلالەتەکانی لە حەیرانەکانی ڕەسول بێزار گەردی دا

علی نجم الدین, esmail hamamin

The language of the hairans, the language of the villagers and nomads, has no civilized appearance. That is, no civilized artist who has sung maqams and quriyats can deviate from the purpose and expression of civilization because they are influenced by civilized literature. Girls are a strong social character and have a prominent position among the hairans. Girls participate in all sexual activities with men. It is evident from the hairans that the daughter of the hairan played a proper role in fulfilling the promise she made to the son of the hairan. The nature and location of hairan has a specific geographical shape and only Kurds have this type of art. The region of Karaj and Kandenawa is the place of origin of hairan art. The background of some of the writings on hairan is a gateway to some artistic aspects of hairan texts, but the purpose and issue of message in the texts is not taken into account

ڕەهەندی ئایینی لە كۆمەڵە حیكایەت و ئەفسانەكانی (ساردۆن و مەلا ڕەژوو)

dlsoz yasin

This study is titled )The Religious Dimension in the Collections of Stories and Myths Sardon and Mullah Rawjou), their research aims to explore the religious dimensions of the Khoshnavati region.It is important to understand the culture in general and to reflect on the culture and culture of the country.The traditions of the heavenly and earthly religions are explored for this study.We have taken the likes of Sarbaz Majid Khoshnaw as an example, which we are very excited about.It is after the collection of Kurdish folk products and especially the Khoshnavati region.Fiction and fiction, as two genres of folk literature, have an ancient history.Human thinking at first moved more towards myths, so myths.It is based on facts. Every nation is made up of myths.They have different cultures and values، although they differ in their origins and characteristics.There are a lot of them، but they also share a lot of talent in terms of careful reading.In the history of the Caucasus، we know that there are many myths.It has its own characteristics and characteristics that have adapted to the conditions of the times.Differences, the results of this study, show that beliefs and traditions.

مۆسیقای شیعری لای میهری

سعد فاروق

    This research entitled poetic Music in Mehri is an attempt to identify and present poetic music in Mehri”s poems.

    Music is the main structure and foundation of poetry. It becomes a source of balance because the rhythm in poetry has been inherited from music it is an important factor in distinguishing poetry from other terms of literature.

     In this research, the descriptive method (analyzed) consists of professional, external and internal music, which discusses weight and authority in external music He also used the weight of verses, especially the weight of verses 7,8,10,11,12,13 and 14, as well as the united, Masnavi, fourth, fifth, single and tashtiri verses in his poems, as well as internal music Then the research ended with a number of results related to the content of the article, then we wrote a list of sources in a scientific and academic manner, then a summary of the research in both Arabic and English Direk are recorded.

هێزا تێپه‌ڕاندنا كارى د زمانێ كورديدا

ahmad qassim

پوخته‌:

    ئه‌ڤ ڤه‌كولينه‌ بناڤونيشانێ (هێزا تێپه‌ڕاندنا كارى د زمانێ كورديدا) هاتييه‌ئه‌نجامدان، دێ هه‌ولده‌ين ل ديڤ ناڤونيشانێ ڤه‌كولينێ دياربكه‌ين، كا تێپه‌ڕاندن و جورێن وێ چنه و هێزا تێپه‌ڕاندنێ د چ دايه‌. ئارمانج ژ ئه‌نجامدانا ئه‌ڤێ ڤه‌كولينێ ئه‌وه‌ كا هێزا تێپه‌ڕاندن بتنێ ب ڕێكا هنده‌ك مۆرفيمان گوهۆرينا كارێ تێنه‌په‌ر‌ بۆ تێپه‌ره‌‌‌، ئانكو بتنێ زێده‌كرنا هنده‌ك كه‌ڕسته‌يێن ڕسته‌يێ دهێته‌ئه‌نجامدان، يان به‌فره‌هتره‌. ل ديماهيكا ڤه‌كولينێ ئه‌م گه‌هشتينه‌ وێ چه‌ندێ، كو تيپه‌راندن بتنێ گوهۆرينا كارێ تێنه‌په‌ر بۆ تێپه‌ر نينه‌، هه‌روه‌سا هێزا تێپه‌ڕاندنا كارى بتنێ ب زێده‌كرنا هنده‌ك كه‌رستێن ڕسته‌يێ نينه‌، به‌لكو ڕسته‌ هه‌يه‌ هێزا تێپه‌ڕاندنێ پتره‌ ژ ڕسته‌يه‌كا ديتر ب هه‌مان كه‌ڕسته‌ و جورێ كارى. ڤه‌كولين ژ بلى پێشه‌كى و ئه‌نجامان هاتييه‌دابه‌شكرن ل سه‌ر دوو پشكان، د پشكا ئێكێدا: پێداچوونه‌كا كورت بۆ كارێن به‌رێ هاتييه‌كرن و به‌حسێ چه‌مك و زاراڤ و پێناسه‌يا تێپه‌ڕاندنێ، هه‌روه‌سا كاريگه‌ريا تێپه‌ڕاندنێ ل سه‌ر پێكهاته‌يا ڕسته‌يێ د زمانێ كورديدا هاتييه‌كرن. د پشكا دوويێدا: به‌حسێ جورێن تێپه‌ڕاندنێ و هێزا تێپه‌ڕاندنێ هاتييه‌كرن، دێ هه‌ول هێنه‌دان ل ديڤ پيڤه‌رێن (هاپر و تامپسن)ى ئه‌ڤ چه‌نده‌ بهێته‌روونكرن.

كليلا ڤه‌كولينێ: تێپه‌ڕاندن، مۆرفيمێن تێپه‌ڕاندنێ، هێزا تێپه‌ڕاندنێ، كارێ تێپه‌ر و كارێ تێنه‌په‌ر.

وێنەی شەھید لە شیعرەکانی »شێرکۆ بێکەس)دا

عومەر حەمەد,

This research is an analytical examination
of the image of the martyr in Sherko Bekas’s
poetry. The martyr holds a special place as a
cultural and national symbol in Kurdish society,
particularly for Sherko Bekas who had
personal experience as a Peshmerga fighter
and companionship with martyrs. In his poetry,
the martyr is depicted not merely as a symbol
of sacrifice, but as a living and continuous
force that gives life to the national struggle
even through death. The significance of this
research stems from the absence of previous
studies and the scarcity of Kurdish-language
sources on this subject. The research concluded
that Sherko Bekas successfully created an
artistic portrayal of Kurdistan’s martyrs by using
authentic Kurdish vocabulary, and in his
poems, the martyr’s blood becomes water that
nourishes the homeland and leads it toward
freedom. The methodology followed in this research
is descriptive and analytical. This study
consisted of two parts: First: discuss poetry images
and term and share the ideas of the critics,
on the other hand martyrs will be discussed as
term theoretically .Second: discussing the importance
of martyr’s image and its type in the
sherko bekas’s poem empirically.