Issue 63 • 2025 • گۆڤاری ئەكادیمیای كوردی

Enhancing EFL College Students' Reading Comprehension Through Practical Reading Strategies

پ. ی. د. تەحسین حوسێن رەسول, د. نازەنین شێخ محەمەد باپیر,

Abstract
The strategies of reading play a critical part for developing reading comprehension of students. However, many teachers may not be adequately prepared to teach these strategies. Practical reading strategies help learners engage with texts by predicting content, connecting new information to prior knowledge, visualizing concepts, and asking questions during and after reading. Summarizing key ideas and inferring meaning from context further enhance comprehension and retention. This quasi-experimental study investigates the effect of explicit instruction of practical strategies on EFL College learners’ reading comprehension. Using a one-group pre-posttest design, the study involved 21 EFL (English as a foreign language) college students from an intact class, serving as the experimental group. It examines whether explicit instruction in these strategies leads to measurable enhancement in their reading comprehension. The findings of this research highlight the significance of integrating practical reading strategies into EFL instruction, as they actively engage students with texts, enhance their reading comprehension, and support their academic and language development.

Pronouns in Kurdish and French

د. پەخشان فەهمی فەرحۆ,

Abstract

In this research, we will focus on pronouns in Kurdish and French languages and highlight their differences. The role of pronouns in any language is very important and extensive, so pronouns are one of the most significant linguistic topics and have been the subject of numerous studies. In pronouns, the phenomena of personality and personality come first. In the Kurdish language, various terms such as (jênaw, rênaw, jênam, rênav, etc.) are used, but the use of the word (jênaw) is broader than all other terms, so we will use (jênaw) in this study. In this framework, we will explore the differences between various types of pronouns in Kurdish and French languages. In the French language, only independent pronouns exist, in contrast to the Kurdish language, which also has attached pronouns. In both Kurdish and French languages, there are ten (10) different types of independent pronouns. In both languages, pronouns change according to person, number, and gender. In the comparison, it becomes clear to us that when translating French pronouns into Kurdish, their equivalents can be independent or attached pronouns, so all the attached pronouns in the Kurdish language are replaced by independent pronouns in the French language. In the French language, there are some fixed pronouns which they have one form and does not change according to the name they replace. The study shows how pronouns convey meaning and create complex linguistic relationships.

ئايين و کۆمەڵگه‌ لە دیدی زەینەب خاندا

هاوێر ئەردەلان بەكر, د. ئومێد عەزیز مستەفا,

an attempt to express Zainab Khan's thoughts and views in her poems;  Against religion and society.  Worldview is part of the cultural structure, so religion and social issues have become the focus of the poet's thoughts.  Zainab Khan was one of the poets who was very sensitive to religious and social issues, which led her to express her views on them in a special way. The poet's view of religion is positive and benefits from religious values  received to promote morality and goodness.  This was influenced by his family and religious education.   Zainab Khan, as an integral poet of society, has reflected social problems in the content of her poems, which explains her worldview towards the social dimension, which has become a mirror to convey her subjects.  Here, the two topics together have become the essence of our research goes into the cell of a particular worldview within the framework of the worldview of an era, which consists of two parts and four themes, each theme has several topics of its own  holds  These issues highlight the importance of our research.  To further organize the work, we have followed the method of social criticism and analytical criticism. We have analyzed the poetic examples used as necessary.

الشخصية المتصنعة وعلاقتها بالشعور بالنقص لدى طلبة جامعة كويه

jwan nuri,

 The study aimed to identify the artificial personality and its relationship to feelings of inferiority among university students. It also aimed to identify Level each of (artificial personality and feelings of inferiority) also determine differences in the level each of them according to (Gender, faculties. The current research community is defined as undergraduate students of both genders for the academic year (2023-2024 AD). The sample size reached (300) male and female students. The researcher used the artificial personality and feelings of inferiority scale (Jada, 2011) for both scales. The results showed that: University students have a high artificial personality. There were differences according to gender variables in favor of females, and statistically significant differences were found at the level of the artificial personality according to the faculties. University students had a high level of inferiority feelings, and there were differences between males and females in inferiority feelings in favor of females. There was statically significant from inferiority feelings according to faculties, and there was a weak positive statically significant relationship between the artificial personality and feelings of inferiority.

پێشگریمانه‌ی پڕاگماتیكی له‌ ئه‌فسانه‌ی كوردیدا هێلكه‌ی نامێ به‌ نموونه

م. ی. جیهان یوسف ئەحمەد, م. كارزان عەبدولڵا جێژنی,

Abstract

This study investigates Presupposition as a linguistic phenomenon in Kurdish Myths, focusing on cases where meaning is inferred rather than explicitly stated. The research is motivated by the limited attention given to the pragmatic deconstruction of Kurdish Myths within the framework of Presupposition. It highlights the role of Pragmatics in literary texts, emphasizing that literary discourse, like other forms of communication, relies on fundamental linguistic structures while incorporating pragmatic theories. The dataset consists of three Kurdish Myths — Helkay Name, The Seven Brothers, and The Raven of the Black Mountain—from the Helkay Name collection. The findings suggest that Presupposition functions as a crucial pragmatic tool in shaping the semantic structure of these Myths, revealing deeper cultural and contextual meanings. A descriptive-analytical methodology is employed to categorize types of Presupposition and their functions. The study is structured into two sections: a theoretical overview and a practical analysis of Presupposition in the selected Myths.

دەزگەهێن خواندنێ یێن کوردى د ڕۆژنامەیێن عیراقیدا (الجمهوریة والثورة) وەک نموونە ١٩٧٠-١٩٧٣

د. ڕوژین چلبی منیر,

The role of journalism in modern and contemporary history is crucial as it serves as one of the primary sources for academic and historical research. Journalism is indispensable in documenting historical events as they unfold, offering a daily record that complements traditional historical documents. This makes it a vital tool for studying modern and contemporary history, particularly as it often provides information that is not available in other sources.

Journalism bridges information gaps in historical events, offering comprehensive observations from start to finish. This aspect distinguishes it from traditional historical research, which may rely more on static documents. By integrating journalism with historical analysis, researchers can ensure a complete and dynamic understanding of historical events, creating a more holistic narrative. Here we can ask to what extent the magazine cared about Kurdish cultural circles and Kurdish intellectuals? Were the cultural matters related to the Kurds issued by the Iraqi government implemented or were they just ink on paper?.

دووانەی تاراوگە و خەون لە شیعرەکانی "جەلال بەرزنجی"دا لە ڕووی دەروونشیکارییەوە

هبە ممتاز جەلال, پ. ی. د. پەروین عەبدولڵا خضر,

This study examines The Duality of Exile and Dream in the Poetry of Jalal Barzinji (1991–2003) through the lens of psychoanalytic theory, with particular reference to the work of Sigmund Freud. It explores the significant role that dreams play in shaping literary expression, especially within the context of poetic texts produced during exile. Although some published articles directly or indirectly refer to the interpretation of poets' dreams in poetic texts, they do not interpret dreams in a specific method. This research differentiates itself by applying a psychoanalytic methodology to interpret the psychological dimensions of Barzinji’s dream imagery and its connection to the experience of exile. The study pursues two main objectives: (1) to assess the extent to which Barzinji’s exile-era poetry incorporates dream motifs, and (2) to analyze how these dreams reflect key aspects of the exile condition. The findings indicate that dreams constitute a major thematic component of Barzinji’s poetry from this period. These dream representations reveal recurring symbols and emotional states associated with exile, including nostalgia, a yearning for childhood and homeland, alienation, and a persistent struggle to preserve identity and cultural memory.

ڕەنگەکانی ژیان، گەشتێک بەناو جۆرەکانی ڕەنگ لە دیوانی شیعری "شەبەنگی شینی ژمارەکان"ـی هاشم سەراجدا

د. سەیوان محەمەد تاهیر,

  Color, as the most prominent element in the field of emotions, has always attracted human attention because of its magic. Color is closely related to the psychological aspects, tastes and interests of people. Therefore, in wearing clothes, decor and any act of coloring, we see an unlimited diversity in terms of color. Color is believed to be the most important element in the emergence of artistic innovation. Today, most of the world's great artists and writers believe that color is the most important reflection of artistic innovation.

  Poetry is the choice of words, or coloring by words. The choice of colors cannot be ineffective in the poet's art; The conscious or unconscious choice of each color must guide the poet's behavior and in the lower layers of his worldview. In this study, we have tried to scientifically introduce Hashim Saraj in his book Due to the words in the text and some of his behavioral characteristics.

کۆتاییی هێز لەنێوان هزری ئیبن خەلدوون و مەکیاڤیللی

فەرهەنگ نوری مەحمود, سامان عوسمان عالی, سەهەند عبدالستار مستەفا,

The end of power has been an essential topic in the field of the philosophy of history for a long time by different civilizations from the East and the West. Ibn Khaldun and Machiavelli have been considered as two of the intellectuals of the middle and modern ages. Indeed, their views   are highly valued in the field of history in general and power along with its impacts in particular. Therefore, it is found necessary to shed light on this phenomenon by investigating on the concept of power, its history as well as its consequences according to the views of these two intellectuals. This study consists of four sections the introduction defines the concept of power in detail. Section one identifies the relationship between power and history. Moreover, section two approaches the concept of power according to Ibn Khaldun's views, while section three looks at the same phenomenon according to Machiavelli's. Section four, which is the conclusion, is concerned with the impacts of power according to these intellectuals' percpectives as well as their various influences

لادانێن زمانى د قه‌ولێن ئێزدیاندا

م. كۆڤان ریسان حسن, پ. د. حمدیە حسن محمد, ,

Abstract:

Linguistic Deviation in Yazidi Qewls

Yazidi Qewls (Religious texts) are among the most significant texts in Yazidi religious literature, as they address the Yazidi philosophy concerning the Creator, angels, the universe, nature, and humanity. Structurally, these texts were composed using special techniques, particularly by linking sections through words and sentences with various stylistic methods. Linguistically, most of these Qewls were formulated in the Kurdish language, specifically in the Northern Kurmanji dialect. They were created in the spoken dialect of the Margah region (Lalish Temple and its surrounding areas), as the Qewlvan (creators of the Qewls) were born and lived in Lalish and nearby villages. However, despite this, the Qewls contain a significant number of borrowed words, particularly from Arabic. In the Qewl texts, the Qewlvan used unique words and employed techniques such as inversion, paradox, and displacement, reflecting the local dialects of different Yazidi regions. They frequently resorted to linguistic deviation to maintain harmony in meter, rhyme, and rhythm. Additionally, since the Qewls are religious texts, they use symbolic language when referring to sexual matters, as these topics are presented in a respectful and coded manner. Linguistic deviation appears at multiple levels: sound, word, sentence, and even meaning. These deviations in the Qewls contributed to establishing a distinctive style unique to these texts and their creators.

هه‌ستكرن ب كێماسييێ د كورته‌ چيرۆكا سياپۆشێ زێمارێ يا فازل عومه‌ريدا

م. انتصار نجيب جوقى, پ. د. نفیسە اسماعیل حاجی,

Abstract

The sense of inferiority significantly influences an individual's emotions, cognition, and behavior. In short stories, this psychological state often serves as a primary driving force behind character development and plot progression. This study aims to examine the terminology, concepts, and underlying causes contributing to the formation of inferiority and apply them to the short story by Fadil Omar. Drawing on Alfred Adler’s theory, inferiority feelings typically originate in childhood and, in some cases, persist into adulthood, particularly when individuals encounter life’s challenges and struggle to overcome them. This research constitutes a segment of a doctoral dissertation titled The Kurdish Short Story in the Bahdinan Region after 2003, According to Alfred Adler's Theory of Individual Psychology. The study seeks to address the following question: Do the factors contributing to the character’s inferiority complex in the short story Siyaposh Zimar align with those identified by Adler? Ultimately, the findings reveal that the same factors—namely, feelings of inferiority—stem from physical disabilities, neglect, and the loss of children.

هەژموونی دابونەریتە کۆمەڵایەتییەکان لە شیعرە پەندئامێزەکانی "پیرەمێرد"دا بەپێی بنەماکانی ڕەخنەی کولتووری

م. ى. زانیار زیاد ئیبراهیم, پ. د. صافیە محەمەد ئەحمەد, ,

Abstract:

Cultural criticism of literary texts, much like any other form of critical analysis, operates within the context of the culture that produced it. This approach goes beyond simply analyzing the text itself (its language, style, rhetoric and aesthetics) to explore how the cultural values and beliefs embedded within the text reflect and shape the society that gave rise to it. Social customs and traditions, like any other powerful cultural force, significantly shape how people behave within a society. Individuals often feel compelled to conform to these deeply ingrained norms.

Violating such certain deeply held traditions can have severe, even life-threatening consequences within some tribal communities. Kurdish society, like many other cultures in the East, has a rich tapestry of customs and traditions deeply woven into everyday life. These cultural influences are also evident in Kurdish literature and literary texts.

This research, titled 'The Dominance of Social Customs and Traditions in the Proverbial Poems of Piramird: A Cultural Criticism Approach,' employs a blended theoretical and empirical methodology. The study commences with an exploration of the foundational tenets of cultural criticism. Subsequently, it delves into the application of these principles within the specific context of Piramird's proverbial poetry. Finally, the research concludes with a practical demonstration of cultural criticism through an in-depth analysis of the selected poems.