Volume 1 • Issue 51 • 2022 • گۆڤاری ئەکادیمیای کوردی

Best Methods of Teaching Kurdish Songs and Music in Primary Schools (Sultan Koday theory and Shinichi Suzuki) as a model

چیایی كەمال سەعدی, دلاوەر موستەفا محەمەد, ناصر هاشم بدن,

In this study, we searched for solutions to problems impeding the presentation and development of the art of Kurdish music and songs within the field of education. Such solution is directed towards the feelings, and psychological, emotional and mental states of the individual in general, especially children.

Here, we have emphasized the best and most important educational methods applicable to the subject of songs and music and how they are presented to students, so that they can solve the problems and gaps that appear in the subject of music and singing in the field of education and methods.

Through our research, we mentioned some important topics for the purpose of progress and expansion in the field of Kurdish folk and folk music in a scientific and accurate manner in order to communicate this science through children to the entire community and the topics are as follows: First / the viewpoint of Sultan Kodaly and Shinichi Suzuki on the art of singing and music, is their focus on music and songs Folk and folklore and how to use them in the field of education, education and other political, social and religious fields. We also presented the easiest and most effective teaching methods in the field of school songs and music in the Kodaly and Suzuki schools, and they were deliberately circulated to the teaching of Kurdish songs and authentic music that enrich the Kurdish community in schools and the basic educational curricula.

Second/ The philosophy of Kodaly and Suzuki in the field of education for Kurdish songs and music is a link and clarification between texts and important topics within Kurdish songs and music, as we simply cannot abandon them...

At the end of the study, we presented recommendations to researchers and specialists, and important proposals to officials with a relationship and competence in this field and encourage it, due to the necessity of music and singing in order to consider them within the educational curricula, which through this field raises belonging to the homeland and love for it and defending it, Finally, we finished the study by arranging a list of sources and references used.

DEIXIS IN ENGLISH AND KURDISHLANGUAGES

Wirya Omar Amin

deixis is the use of general words and phrases to refer to a specific time, place, or person,  e.g. the words (yesterday, there, and he)  are deictic, as their denoted meaning varies and  depends on time , place  and person  specified in the context. Deixis is a Universal feature of all languages.

This study deals with the deixis in English and Kurdish languages, in order to show the similarities and differences between them from the grammatical and semantic aspects of points.

The study is based on two hypotheses; the first is that the deixis as a Universal aspect, are similar in the two languages in terms of their types and the elements used to express them. The second hypothesis is that the two languages have similar and different grammatical and semantic aspects in terms of the type of personal pronouns, number, gender and case.

Productivity of human organs in the process of producing idiom in Kurdish language

سیروان ئەحمەد عەبدوڵڵا ahmad,

This study describes on represent the rate of the productivity of human organs in the process of producing idiom in Kurdish language.  The aim of the research is to prove the productivity of this linguistic process; it determines the organs that participate in this process on the one hand, and the rate of participating each organ in the process of producing idiom on the other hand. 

The study relied on descriptive statistics methodology. It consists of two chapters in addition to an introduction and results. The first chapter explains the phenomenon of productivity and idiom and the second chapter clarifies the organs of human participating in the process of producing idiom, the rate of each organ in the production is determined.

Consequently, the research revealed that 23 human organs contribute to producing 319 idioms in Kurdish language.  The most active organ is hand which contributes to producing idioms by 19.44 percent. In contrast, throat is the least active human organ which only takes part in producing human organs by 0.63 percent in Kurdish language.

Sexual Violence and Psychotrauma in Roxane Gay's An Untamed State and Nabard Fouad's Parrot: A Psychoanalytic Study

Bakhtiar S. Hama

The History of humanity has widely witnessed violation of human rights during the wars and in the political, ethnic and religious disputes. Heartbreakingly, most of the victims are women and children. Females in general and underage girls are vulnerable to rape and sexual violence either to satisfy the lustful captors or to be used as ransom. Most awfully, in many cases, the fighting groups, terrorists and thugs target females as effective weapons against each other since in several societies women are regarded as the honor of the families, such as what happened to the Yazidi Kurds in Shangal, North of Iraq when ISIS terrorists attacked their city. The detainers think only of achieving their aims and never care about what will happen to the prey. This paper shows how the male captors rape and sexually abuse the female captives during their confinement, and more significantly to unveil how the trauma affects the victims after they get their freedom. What happens to a woman when she is taken by a group of ruthless lustful men is expectable, but how she continues is incomprehensible. The study selects two novels An Untamed State by Roxane Gay (2014) and Parrot (Tutti) by Nabard Fouad (2015) which narrate the story of women abducted and raped by their abductors. The psychological battle the women suffer from does not end in the prison rooms, but it will continue and actually it will never end since the victims develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and can never live a normal life thereafter. The sufferers are not criminals; they are mere victims of political and religious rage.

ئارکیۆلۆژیا و رۆمان رۆمانى (نەوەکانى مادایى) بەیان _ سەلمان بە نموونە

کەیفى محەمەد عەزیز, کارزان محسن قادر,

This research is entitled ‘Archaeology and Novel’ and Bayan Salman's novel (Madai descendants) is taken as an example.  Part of human beings’ lives, by their nature, is always viewed as something related to the past. From here, archaeology and novels are the same as in the past through their tools. Many novelists, hoping from archaeology, produce a story that tells the past, in which it acts as an expression of memories. To make a historical era, this is one of artmaking, which makes a connection between the past and the present, in which the remains of archaeology show themselves as a reaper.

الاتساق التبعي للخطاب القرآني في السور القصار

رمضان صالح رحمن, محمد صابر مصطفى

The present work is linguistic research that deals with some affixational relations that act as causes and devices for strengthening and support among the components of morphology, syntax and semantics like; emphasizing, revert to the beginning, instead of and a group of other terminologies that clarify the inimitability (miraculousness) and the unique rhetorical language of the Holy Qur’an regarding phonetics, morphology, syntax and semantics.

As the current subject under study is so wide and multidimensional, the research selects only limited parts of the terms and meanings of the short Surahs in the Holy Qur’an that depicts itself in a strict suitable composition of words and meanings.

The paper then sheds light on its results:

1-The text of the Holy Qur’an is built on a strong basis in the rhetoric of addressing.

2-The relations between the words and their meanings are very strong and suitable in a way that they all complete and support each other so that they never disintegrate.

3-Regarding composition, although the all are constructed with solid proofs and relations in all the levels of phonetics, morphology, syntax and semantics, but  it never  can be like that portrait of the composition indicated in the inimitability of the Holy Qur’an in all the levels.

تایبەتمەندییەكانی گەشە وهەژموونی شارنشینی لەپارێزگای هەولێر(1957-2020)

نه‌شوان شوكری عه‌بدولڵا, ئه‌میر قادر عه‌زیز

Urban growth is one of the most prominent geographical phenomena in the world, as a large number of people are unevenly concentrated in some urban centers, and thus lead to the emergence of the problem of volume imbalance in urban centers in addition to Urban Primacy. And in Erbil Governorate, in the period between (1957-2020) there were significant changes in urban growth that were reflected in all aspects of the urban system in the governorate.

The study aims to determine the changes that occurred in the urban system in Erbil governorate during the study period, while highlighting the aspects of urban Primacy in the governorate.

The study plan is divided into three sections. The first studies the development of population growth and the rate of greening in the governorate. As for the second topic, it discussed the characteristics of the urban system, and in the last topic, through a number of criteria, the characteristics of urban Primacy were measured. In conclusion, the study reached a set of results, most notably the imbalance of growth and the increase in the population of urban centers, and the city of Erbil imposed its Primacy over all urban centers in the governorate during the study period.

مەلا مەحموودی بایەزیدى و هەردوو دەستخەتی (تەصریف)ی عەلیی تەرەماخی و (در المجالس)ى مەلا موساى هەکارى

زرار صدیق تۆفیق,

The research aims to clarify the nature of the relationship of Mullah Mahmoud al-Bayizdi with the manuscripts “Al-Tasrif” and “Dur al-Majalis” copied in his handwriting, and they are the only two books. Al-Tarmakhi, who is a completely unknown religious scholar and linguist, assumed that he lived in the seventeenth century and published the book in his name half a century ago. So far, an in-depth analytical study of the content and content of the two books is being conducted to confirm the validity of their attribution to those published in their name.In view of the strong similarity between the two books and between them and between Bayazidi books, letters and translations in terms of language, dialect, style, sentence structure and repetition of the same words and phrases over and over, the research concluded with evidence, clues and examples that the role of al-Bayazid exceeded copying the two books as he claimed, but he himself authored the first book and translated the second during the year 1274 AH. /1857-1858 AD at the request and assignment of the Russian Consul in Erzurum, Alexander Jaba, and attributed them to two people whose existence has not been proven historically, for social and religious considerations and to avoid provoking the anger and condemnation of the Kurdish clergy towards him, because he is a Kurdish Muslim cleric, so how can he put his services at the disposal and orders of a foreign man who is not Muslim authored, copied, translated and summarized, as stated by the Russian Consul.

هۆزاننامە د ئەدەبیاتا نوی یا كوردیدا (جەگەرخوین) وەك نموونە

كۆڤان رێسان حەسەن, شمال خمو خضر, ,

This paper entitled Epistolary Poem in Modern Kurdish Literature- Jagarkhween as an example- is a descriptive research that aims to shed light on a type of poem known as “Epistolary Poem”. This type of literary work takes the form of a poem while the content intends to deliver a message and it has been widely used in the modern Kurdish literature especially by (Abdulraheem Rahme Hakari, Jaladat Badirkhan, Osman Sabri, Qadri Jan and Tirezh). There has been a regular exchange of these types of letters among the aforementioned poets and has resulted in a stronger relationship among them. It has eventually become one of the technics of poetry. JagarKhween as one of the well-known poets of modern literature has written a considerable number of epistolary poems. He has aimed to establish and strengthen communication with others, criticized Sheikhs and Mullahs, promoted awareness amongst people on topics related to society and patriotism, and has offered congratulatory messages to new initiatives. 

واکاوی وجه غنایی در مثنوی مم و زین

جیهاد شکری رشید,

Lyrical literary genres attain particular significance in literature due to their high capacity of conveying emotional influences on their addressees. In Khani's Mam and Zin, the lyrical quality of the work has bestowed the story with a significant emotional effect throughout the course of the narrative.The current research, applying an analytical-descriptive approach, endeavors to shed light upon the lyrical qualities of Mam and Zin and their foundations within the respective work by Khani and to explore how such qualities have sublimely managed to move the addressees of the work. The study aims to explore the text and illustrate how the descriptive, mournful, complainatory, bacchanalian verse, and the prayerful tone of the work have bestowed lyrical qualities to Mam and Zin and are being used as means to convey intense emotions to transport the work's readers  from one state of mind to another.The conclusion of this study shows that the poem Mam u Zin is a valuable and prominent lyrical poem,and Ahmadi Khani is a poet whose nature of his poetry is interrelated with the concepts of lyrical poetry, and the most widespread affection caused the creation of the poem which are the affection of love and freindship.