journal of the Kurdish academy

" Eco- ZooCriticism in the Cycle of Learning to Cry" by Qobadi Jalizadeh

نعمە ئیسماعیل

 The title of this study is " Eco- ZooCriticism in the Cycle of  Learning to Cry" by Qobadi Jalizadeh. The research is an attempt to present the principles and dimensions of Ecozoological criticism in the poetic texts of A Course to Learn to Cry. Ecology as a new critical method is the field of science that studies the relationship between humans and plant and animal species and their relationship to the physical world, i.e. it selects critical subjects that investigate the relationship between literature and the biological and physical environment. Ecological criticism is a branch of ecological criticism that focuses on the role and representation of animals in literature. The purpose of this study is to describe the depiction of animals in the selected poems of "A Course to Learn to Cry", whereas, in the light of the method of ecological criticism and the laws of animal rights, the study investigates how the poet Qobadi Jalizadeh considers animals in his poetic texts.

Summary Nawny. The study consists of two parts, the first part is a theoretical outlet that focuses first on the definition of ecological criticism, and then focuses on the concepts, definitions, and dimensions of ecological criticism. In the second section, the principles and dimensions of the method of ecological criticism are practiced in selected poems.

Media Sociology in Pierre Bourdieu

هێمن شوانى, ammar najm aldin,

In contemporary society, media plays a decisive role in shaping our understanding of the world and our sense of social identity. It not only reflects cultural and political realities but also actively constructs them, influencing the way individuals and groups perceive themselves and others. This study focuses on the perspective of French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu on media sociology and examines how symbolic hegemony operates through media institutions to influence the construction of social imagery, with particular attention to the power of television as a dominant medium.

The primary objective of this research is to analyze Bourdieu’s major concepts related to media, including celerity, symbolic violence, and media homogenization, manipulation of language and concepts, and concealment of information. Each of these concepts’ sheds light on the subtle yet powerful mechanisms through which media influences thought and behavior. Furthermore, the study aims to clarify Bourdieu’s critique of the media’s role, especially television, in creating illusions that mislead the public by presenting partial realities as complete truths.

Methodologically, the study adopts a theoretical analysis of Bourdieu’s seminal works, with particular emphasis on Television, and evaluates his broader arguments within the contemporary context of modern media practices.

Findings reveal that media functions as a field of power, imposing symbolic hegemony on audiences. Habitus and capital play central roles in shaping social imagery and reproducing social inequality. Television emerges as a particularly effective mechanism for manipulating opinions and distorting reality. Moreover, the speed and competitiveness of media production limit opportunities for critical scrutiny, resulting in the circulation of superficial, sensational, and sometimes inaccurate information.

Ultimately, Bourdieu’s insights remain highly relevant in the digital era, offering tools to understand online platforms, digital propaganda, and information warfare. This underscores the importance of media literacy and critical awareness as safeguards for independent thought and democratic engagement.

Pragmatic Aspects in language Teaching (language Games) as a Sample

فوئاد صالح,

Educational linguistics, as a new and specific field in language teaching, has focused on selecting language teaching programmes, which can provide learners with the competence to use language . This importance has led to thinking about applying pragmatic approaches in language teaching, In this regard, the content of this research ((Pragmatic Aspects in language Teaching (language Games) as a Sample)). was devoted to discussing this topic. Thus, the relationship between educational linguistics and pragmatics and the mechanisms of educational linguistics in the language teaching process were discussed at the beginning. Then, in the last section, the benefits of pragmatics, the importance of pragmatic competence, and the techniques necessary to produce this competence in the classroom were discussed. In the final section, the pragmatic Aspects of the structure of language games were explained, with  examples. Then, we highlighted the goals, benefits, and criteria for selecting these games, as well as their role in developing basic language skills, and finally, the results obtained in the study were presented..

The Para text of Epigraphs in Ata Mohammad's Novels Abstract:

ناهیدە حوسێن, پ. د. فوئاد ڕەشید

Para text is a critical concept coined and developed by the French author and critic Gérard Genette. It encompasses all the elements surrounding a text that are presented to the reader within the framework of a book, such as: the author's name, main title, internal titles, epigraphs, forewords, dedications, and footnotes. Therefore, paratextual elements play a significant role in introducing and familiarizing the reader with the text, and no work can become a book and be presented to the reader without paratextual elements. This research, titled "The Para text of Epigraphs in Ata Mohammad's Novels," is an attempt to introduce and practically apply the concept of epigraphs according to Gérard Genette's view of Para text. The aim is to highlight the function and importance of the Para text of epigraphs, which, from the outset, provides the reader with an idea about the content and message of the text.

"The Role of Sheikh Nuri Sheikh Salih in Developing National Thought: A Reanalysis of the Contents of the Articles in Rojî Kurdistan (

magid aziz

This research examines the role of Sheikh Nouri Sheikh Saleh in Kurdish journalism and the development of Kurdish nationalist thought in the early 20th century, particularly during the period of the British Mandate and the Lausanne Conference. The research traces Sheikh Nouri's professional career and highlights the content of the articles he wrote in the newspaper "Rojî Kurdistan" (Dawn of Kurdistan). The research reveals that Sheikh Nouri used journalism as a platform for spreading Kurdish national thought during that period.

The study analyzed three main axes of Sheikh Nouri's thought: romantic nationalism, social Darwinism, and relations between government and people. In the first axis, it highlights Sheikh Nouri's emphasis on language, history, and shared heritage in building Kurdish national identity. In the second axis, it demonstrates how Sheikh Nouri justified the struggle for Kurdish survival on the battlefield of conflicts through social Darwinist theory. In the third axis, Sheikh Nouri discusses the relationship between government and people, emphasizing that the government is responsible for protecting people's rights and providing security and welfare.

The research concludes by emphasizing that the articles written by Sheikh Nouri should be viewed as an important historical document that reflects the development of Kurdish nationalist thought during that period and his progressive vision for the future of the Kurdish nation.

The Semiology of Words in the Poetry of Ahmed Mohammed (Color, Personality, Nature

زارا مەحموود, صافیە احمد,

   This study, titled "The Semiology of Words in the Poetry of Ahmed Mohammed (Color, Personality, Nature)," was conducted to explore the semiological dimension within the poet's work. It examines the symbols, emblems, and connotations that are reflected in the words of his poems. The poet frequently uses words that carry a secondary, hidden meaning, along with a collection of semantic connotations. These loaded meanings can be interpreted and uncovered by analyzing the context in which the words appear.

   This research utilizes a descriptive-analytical methodology, drawing on the semiological theories of Georges Mounin. The findings reveal the semiological dimensions of words that possess a secondary or loaded meaning, particularly those related to the fields of color, personality, and nature. These specific words are prominent and widely used throughout the poet's work. Ahmed Mohammed employs them purposefully, aiming to convey a desired meaning that is appropriate for creating poetic imagery, enhancing aesthetics, and aligning with the overall theme of the text.

The theme of love in Ali Hariri's Kurdish poems

سەیوان بیبانی

  In mystical texts, virtual love is an extreme love, related to a particular individual, the lover's entire attention to his beloved, so that the lover sees no one else but the beloved and his only desire is to reach the friend.

  One of the most important research projects in the history of world literature is the subject of love, because with the emergence of human life, the subject of love was born He filled an important place in his book on the purposes of love. He was the leader of the poets of his time. In the theme of love, he talks about distance and burning in love.

This article is important because it is of special importance in the field of connecting the soul to the body, which is an important theme in literature and love, and also presents the importance of the theme of love in classical poetry and Hariri's poems.

Here we discuss the stages of love in Kurdish poetry of Ali Hariri within the framework of his divan, which has a special place in classical Kurdish poetry

الشخصيات والمتخيل الإيكولوجي السردي في راويتي )تشيبكو( و)طفوليا( لصلاح بن عياد

عبدالله أبراهیم, أ. د. سامی ناجی

 Character is one of the most important artistic components upon which narrative discourse is based. It is the primary factor that qualifies a novel for immortality, distinction, and success, as it touches upon and represents the realities of real characters. Character is a psychological essence that carries semantic depth through its portrayal of societal issues in a narrative work. It is a prominent and important tool in the hands of the writer, assisting them in constructing their text, weaving its plot, and creating and developing its events, thus enhancing the literary and artistic work. Because it is a common factor among narrative formation units, it has received study and analysis from scholars and critics, as it is one of the most influential and important narrative elements present in contemporary literary texts. Accordingly, this study divided characters into three categories: the conceptual character was discussed in the first section, the supporting character in the second section, and the fantastic character was discussed in the third section of the study.

Keywords: Characters, conceptual character, supporting character, fantastic character, ecology.

المصادر الصليبية المعاصرة، مصدراً لتاريخ إنطاكية‌ وحصارها (490–491هـ/1097–1098م)

ئارین عەبدوڵلا, sipan hassan

This research presents Contemporary Crusader Sources: A source for the History and Siege of Antioch (490–491 AH/1097–1098 AD), a pivotal era that brought about profound transformations in medieval history. The study aims to provide a comprehensive biography of contemporary Crusader historians of the First Crusade and their works, highlighting their roles in the campaign, whether they accompanied it, arrived in the East afterward, or authored their works from the West based on the testimonies of accompanying historians and eyewitnesses.

The research particularly focuses on the pivotal role of the momentous events witnessed in Antioch, relying on the writings of historians who accompanied the First Crusade. This includes a description of the city's features, followed by its siege and fall—a critical juncture in the Crusaders' advance towards Jerusalem. It elucidates how chaos engulfed the city upon the Crusaders' entry, leading to the massacre of Muslims, with the exception of those who sought refuge in the citadel..

Furthermore, the study addresses the counter-siege imposed by Kerbogha on the Crusaders inside Antioch after its fall, and the ensuing suffering, leading to the discovery of the Holy Lance, which significantly boosted Crusader morale and contributed to their victory.

ڕۆلێ گیرەکێن ڕێزمانی د دیارکرنا پۆلێن ڤەکریێن ئاخڤتنێدا، د ئاخڤتنا خه لكێ دهۆكێدا

كوردستان كەمال, diman omar,

This study aims to analyze the role of grammatical affixes in identifying open classes in speech, based on a study conducted by Finch. It investigates the relationship between grammatical affixes and class identification in spoken language. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach and highlights the importance of these features in enhancing the influence of grammatical affix fields on the stem, root, and base of words within these fields, as well as their role in determining open classes. The study also examines whether specific grammatical features affect open classes compared to other classes. The findings reveal that grammatical affixes play a crucial role in defining open classes: each class of speech is associated with specific affixes, and when such affixes are identified, the corresponding class can be determined. The study is divided into two parts: the first part focuses on grammatical features (including the concept of affixes, grammatical properties, types of affixes, their relationship with open classes, structural and semantic characteristics, and morphological aspects), while the second part addresses the practical application of these features in identifying open classes (including nouns, adjectives, and adverbs).

ناسنامە لە فەلسەفەی باروخ دی سپینۆزادا

كارزان جەعفەر, پ. د. مسلم حسن

This research explores the foundations and perspectives of identity within the framework of the philosophy of Baruch de Spinoza. It sheds light on substance as identity in the universe, while also emphasizing the role of identity as a fundamental concept in overcoming all matters that are defined within the framework of dualism or separated duality. A descriptive–analytical and comparative method has been employed to examine Spinoza’s   rather than two divided entities. According to Spinoza, the human being or individual does not possess an independent identity in isolation; rather, one’s identity is determined within the framework of cause and effect created by God or nature. Thus, the identity of the human being is established within the unity of substance, through the qualities of thought and extension. In this sense, identity is not a fixed and isolated existence of the individual, but rather a metaphysical and functional understanding that transcends the dualism of God and the world. It offers a new comprehension of humanity as part of the total process of thought and extension, in which God and nature are unified.