Journal of the Kurdish Academy

A Study of Academic Vocabulary Use by Advanced EFL University Students

Kawa Q. Muhammad, Himdad A. Muhammad,

Academic writing is one of the most essential skills for university students’ success during and beyond their study. Successful academic writing requires having peculiar grammatical and lexical features. One of the best-known features of academic writing style is the use of academic words. In light of these facts, the current study has been conducted to explore different aspects of academic words use by EFL students. The main aim of the study is to discover how proficient the students are in using academic words in general. In addition, the study aims to know the size and frequency of academic words that students demonstrate in their writing. It is also expected from the study to gain insight into students’ vocabulary knowledge through using academic words. Making students’ academic word list (hereafter AWL) and classifying them based on the Coxhead’s sub-lists is the ultimate goal of the study. For this purpose, a specialized corpus of 34 argumentative essays was collected from advanced EFL students. The essays were analyzed and interpreted by a well-established web-based corpus tool, ‘Text Inspector’. An outstanding conclusion drawn from the study is that the Kurdish EFL students of advanced level have a satisfactory proficiency in using academic words in general. Although the size of academic vocabulary observed in the essays is relatively small, students have proved their determined vocabulary knowledge as most of the used words are among the high frequency ones and contain various derivational forms. 

A Study of the Cultural Intricacies that the Students Face during Language Learning Processes

Arev Merza Astifo

Learning strategies are selected based on insights and analysis that are based on a common global academic foundation. A set of complications negatively affect the process of receiving the applied English language and have many negative psychological and achievement effects on students, and therefore this study seeks to investigate the impact of common ideological and cultural complexities among students on learning applied English linguistics. A quantitative methodology was adopted, where a questionnaire has been distributed online among a sample of (300) teachers working in different English departments at Kurdistan/ Erbil Universities. SPSS 23 was used to evaluate the gathered replies, and the results revealed that numerous cultural complications influence students' acquisition of applied linguistics, such as the traditions and customs of eastern civilizations, which do not favour language learning. Another cultural complexity is the shyness that affects the learner when he/she practices the language in front of others. Moreover, many other erroneous ideologies affect the learning of English applied linguistics including students’ contempt for modern teaching methods of the English language, and the false belief among students that learning English is not compatible with the culture and Islamic teachings of society. Moreover, the study concluded that there is a strong negative correlation with statistical significance between the ideological and cultural complexities of students and the learning of applied English linguistics in English departments at Kurdistan University, through the analysis of statistical data. It was also found that complexities are more influential in learning applied English than cultural complexities. The researcher recommends the necessity for teachers to deal with a greater degree of awareness with the current generations in dealing with these complexities, by making the English language away from the wrong ideology recognized before, and focusing on teaching it as an important and global foreign language, and that mastering it is important in achieving development.

Looking for Kurdish Learners’ Correspondences of Shape-Sound Symbolism in the Classic Takete-Maluma Phenomenon

Basima Othman Mahmood, Alan Anwar Hasan

In natural languages, the link between sound and meaning has been a theme of attention in the linguistic field.  Although the majority of words display random associations between their form and meaning, there is a proof of iconicity, where form and meaning show resemblance, particularly in onomatopoeic words. The Takete-Maluma effect, where certain sounds are persistently related to round or spiky shapes, has been extensively studied. Previously, several pieces of research have emphasized the role of consonants in this effect, with consonants displaying a stronger impact compared to vowels. Building on this, this study aims at investigating the contributions of consonants and vowels in the Takete-Maluma effect. We carried out two experiments using Kurdish subjects, investigating the influence of consonants and vowels individually. Experiment 1 concentrated on consonants by using pseudo-words with two consonant pairs related to round and spiky shapes, combined with different vowels. The results showed a slight preference for consonants over vowels in sound-shape connections. The findings of the statistical analysis exposed that consonants have insignificant effect on the Takete-Maluma effect. Expanding on these findings, in Experiment 2, we explored the effect of vowels in isolation, regardless of the consonant framework. Accordingly, the goal was to check whether the effects witnessed in Experiment 1 were merely caused by consonants or if vowels themselves determined the outcome. The findings of this experiment specified that the vowel pair /o:/ and /u:/ continually related to round images, while the vowel pair /ɜ:/ and /i:/ were linked to spiky images. Nevertheless, the consonants did not notably influence the sound–shape process. Hence, the findings of this study challenge the opinion that consonants are the main drivers of the Takete-Maluma effect, contrary to some previous studies. It is not yet known of any investigation concerning the Takete-Maluma effect in the Kurdish language. Taken together, the goal of this study is to cast light on the specific influences of consonants and vowels in sound symbolism, focusing on the relationship between sounds and visual exemplifications. Consequently, the study will shed light on a research exploration that gives further possible anticipations about the nature of the language system.

Narrative Analysis of the Iyezidi Chirok of Mir Mih : The Iyezidi Epic of Immortality

Lazgin Kheder Barany, Rania Qaso

This paper aims at analyzing the Iyzidi religious narrative   of ‘Mir Meh ‘ , which is an epic of death and immortality according to the Iyzidi faith , using Labov Model (1972) of Narrative Analysis . The study has found out that the story of ‘Mir Mih’ is an eminent element of the Iyzidi religion and culture treating the issue of death and immortality. In addition to the linguistic devices used in the narrative as reflected by Labov (1972) , the narrative has moral and religious implications . It highlights the fact that the Iyzidi religion believes in the reality of life and death.  What makes this narrative distinguished is the idea of the return to the origin, which is one of the important aspects expressed in this narrative as ‘Mir Mih’ did not want to stay in Heaven but to go back to his people and home.  The study has also found out that Labov Model (1972), which consists of the following elements: abstract, orientation, complicating action, evaluation, resolution and coda ,  applies to the narrative under study

The discourse of survival in "Bandar Fili” by Bakhtiar Ali, according to the semantic square of Greimas

هەرێم عوسمان مەعروف, Ali hussein,

The (Semantic square) is a typical method for text analysis, which Greimas established it on the basis of an opposite dualism; in which the semantic meanings are not only formed through their relationships and communications, but also through opposite dualisms that lead to new growing relationships towards malty dualisms. The dualism of ‘the free’ / ‘the prisoner’ in (Bandar Faili) novel, established a semantic world, and the dualism here is the basis for new semantic relations, as a discourse is generated from these new relations under the title of the “discourse of survival”, and some of the characteristics of this discourse, is been harmony with the reality in order to survive, long life is preferred, indifferent to the quality of this life. The protagonist of the novel, ‘Bandar’, has a dual personality: he is a free prisoner and a prisoner free. He is alive through Ventilator and laying in the bed. The protagonist of the novel, who is a small kid, reflects a historical chain of semantics, corresponding to the Baath regime and its ideology. This duality has a long history of conflict. The semantics of this meaning emerge from that history. The hero comes into existence in the midst of this history, unaware of its components; His father is a Baathist man and his mother is a Faili Kurdish woman. There are many indications of contradiction, opposition, and overlapping within the plot and structure of the novel; The square of meaning according to Griemas focuses on these relationships. And his theory is a mixture of formalist and structuralist perceptions that resulted in the narration semiology.

The Use of Technology in Teaching and Learning in Iraqi Kurdistan: Sulaimani Governorate as an Example

Jamal Anwar Taha,

In the past fifty years, educational technology has been a subject with a rapid growth rate and increasing sophistication. The methods and efficacy of its implementation are the focus of developing its theories and research. In the past, education was unavailable in some areas of the world. Understanding how technology has aided education and its impact will help you appreciate how crucial technology has become in education. 

This paper collects and analyzes data from thirty teachers and students from thirty schools in the Governorate of Sulaimani to assess the effect of technology on teaching and learning in their schools. It inquires whether technology affects the teaching and learning process and to what extent teachers and students utilize technological tools for teaching and learning. As a result of the researcher's interviews with students and teachers, there is clear and compelling evidence that technology positively influences learning and teaching processes. Interestingly, according to the findings of this study, students are much more aware of technology usage whom they use technology for educational purposes more than teachers.

بنياتى هزرى له‌ شیعره‌كانی (نه‌جات ئه‌سپینداره‌یی)دا

ئاره‌زوو ئەزوەر كەریم, مه‌ولود ئیبراهیم حه‌سه‌ن

 The intellectual and Artistic basis of (Najat Aspindarei's Poems) is the title of the current study. It is obvious that every literary text, whether poetic or prose is based on a thought. And this thought is present semantically in the mind of its owner. Then he looks for words, expressions, forms and other literary genres to create a literary text. Then other genres come to convey this thought wonderfully.                     

Najat Aspindei is a poet who has been setting all his poems on some strong thoughts. If we look closely at the structure of all his texts, we can see that the text which has a strong mind makes the most powerful impact if it is presented with linguistically glorious reasons and in a strong form like the idea. Conversely, if a poetic text is not written in a high level of poetic form, it won't give its result. Our study is under the above mentioned title and we discuss (Najat Aspindarei's) poems.

توانستە مرۆیەکانی پەرەپێدانی لادێی لە ناوچەی باڵەکایەتی – دۆلی ڕۆست وەک نموونە

رەنجدەر كامەران ڕەحمان, تەنكە عوسمان سەعید,

وشە سەرەكییەكان: توانستە مرۆیەکان. دابەشبونی نشینگە لادێیەکان، پەرەپێدانی لادێی، دۆلی ڕۆست، خزمەتگوزاری        

گومان لەوەدا نیە  کە جیاوازی لە شێوەکانی بەکار‌هینانی ژینگە کە دانیشتوان پشتی پێدەبەستێت وا لە جوگرافی دەکات تێبینی بکات و توێژینەوە لە بارەیان ئەنجام بدات بە تێگەیشتنی زانستیانە، بە جۆرێک شارە گەورەکان جیاوازی لە ڕووی ژمارەی دانیشتوان و پێشکەتنی ژیاریان هەیە، هەروەها لە ڕووی پیشەسازی لەگەڵ ناوچەکانی دەورەبەریان کە هەرێمەکانی لادێی لەوێدا هەیە ڕووبەرێکی جیاواز و بەقەبارەو ڕەهەندی جیاواز کە بووە هۆی ئەم جیاوازیە لە تەوەرەکانی لادێی پێویستی بە توێژینەوەی جوگرافی هەیە، بەتایبەتی ئەگەر ئەو هەرێمە یان ئەو ناوچانە خاوەن توانستی مرۆیی و ئابووری بێت، هەربۆیە جۆری ئەم توانستانە وا لە جوگرافی دەکات بایەخیان پێبدات و چارەسەری تەواوکاریان بۆ بدۆزێتەوە لەگەڵ باشترین ڕێگا بۆ پەرەپێدان و پێشخستینیان، ئەم توێژینەوە گرنگی شوێنی جوگرافی ناوچەی لێکۆڵینەوە بەدیار دەکەوێت، ئامانج لەم توێژینەوە ڕۆشنایی خستنە سەر ڕۆلی توانستە مرۆیەکان لەسەر پەرەپێدانی لادێی، بەمەبەستی گەیشتن بە ئامانجی توێژینەوەکەمان بەسەر چەند  بەش و باسێک دابەشکردووە، لەوانە بەشی یەکەم باس لە ناساندی ناساندنی ناوچەی لێکۆڵینەوە و چەمک و زاراوەکانی پەیوەندیدار بە توێژینەوەکە کراوە، هەرچی بەشی دووەمە باس لە تایبەتمەندیە مرۆیەکان کراوە، و لە بەشی سێەمیش باس لە  قەبارە و شێووازی دابەشبوونی نشینگە گوندیەكان کراوە،و لە بەشی چوارەمیش تایبەتمەندیە ئابوریەکراوە ڕوونکراوەتەوە، لە بەشی پێنجەمیش هاوکات کۆتا بەشی توێژینەوەکەیە باس لە خزمەتگوزاریەکان کراوە، لە کۆتایش توێژینەوەکە بە چەند دەرئەنجام و ڕاسپاردەیەک کۆتایی هاتووە . 

توانستە مرۆیەکان. دابەشبونی نشینگە لادێیەکان، پەرەپێدانی لادێی، دۆلی ڕۆست، خزمەتگوزاری

دەقی (لەدەستم دێ)ی (عبدالله پەشێو) لە روانگەی رەخنەی دەروونشیکارییەوە (تیۆر و چەمکەکانی دەروونشیکاری (فرۆید)ی بە نموونە)

رێبین خەلیل قادر,

The psychoanalytic criticism approach, influenced by the school of psychoanalysis (especially the theories, opinions, terms and concepts of Sigmund Freud), believes that the poetic text is the product of the desires and instincts repressed from the subconscious of the writer who could not implement and enjoy them in his life. This situation of conflicts, lack of psychological calmness, and the continuation of the retrieval of repressed instincts to the unconscious by (Id) and (Super Ego) prevails over the text (.(لە دەستم دێ This text is the result of the poet's inability to apply the two instincts of anger and his revenge on his beloved and bring them back to his personal subconscious, who suffers from severe internal and psychological conflict, as a result of a constant struggle between the personality (Id) of the poet who wants to satisfy these instincts in reality in a direct way without referring to his bad results And between (Super Ego) who wants the poet to fulfill the requests of (Id) in a legitimate way and in harmony with reality and public morals. This research is entitled (The Text of  (لەدەستم دێ) by (Abdullah Pashew) from the perspective of the psychoanalytic criticism approach (Freud's theory and concepts in psychoanalysis as an example) It is an attempt to analyze this text from the perspective of this critical approach. The research consists of an introduction and two chapters, followed by Conclusions and list of references.

دور علماء الكورد في الحياة العلمية من خلال كتاب (فوات الوفيات والذيل عليها) للكتبي (ت764ه/1362م) خلال القرن 5-7 الهجري/ 11-13ميلادي

كامل قادر اسود,

يعد هذا البحث محاولة لدراسة دور العلماء الكورد في الحياة العلمية خلال القرن الخامس –السابع الهجري/ الحادي عشر- الثالث عشر الميلادي، من خلال كتاب (فوات الوفيات والذيل عليها) للمؤرخ محمد بن شاكر الكتبي المتوفى سنة 764ه/1362م ، اذ اشار في كتابه المذكور وفي سياق ترجمته للخلفاء والامراء والسلاطين والعلماء والقضاة الذين كان لهم دور في بناء الحضارة الإسلامية، الى عدد لابأس به من الأمراء والعلماء الكورد والمنتسبين الى البلدان والمدن الكوردية الذين برعوا في ميادين شتى في علوم الحديث والفقه والتصوف واللغة والنحو.

يتناول هذا البحث دور أولئك العلماء الكورد او المنسوبين لبلاد الكورد، الذين كان لهم دور بارز في الحياة العلمية خلال القرن(5-7ه) في بلاد الشام ومصر، ويأتي أهمية هذا الكتاب في ان المؤرخ الكتبي  ترجم لعدد من أعلام الكورد الذين لم يترجم لهم المؤرخ ابن خلكان (ت 681ه/1282م) في كتابه (وفيات الأعيان) ويأتي اهميته ايضاً أن كتابه (فوات الوفيات) اصبح مصدراً اساسياً للمؤرخين الذين جاءوا من بعده في ذكرهم للعلماء الكورد ومنهم المؤرخ (ابن العراقي ت826ه/1422م)، والمقريزي (845ه/1441م)، وابن تغري بردي(ت874ه/1469م) وغيرهم. 

زنجيرەى پاشایانی گوتی و ناسناوەکانیان لەبەر ڕۆشنایی تێکستە مێخییەکان

شاكر رضا ئەحمەد, جەزا شۆڕش حەمەشەریف,

This research which entitled (The sequence of Gutian kings and their surname in the light of Cuneiform texts), deals with the history of the name and surname of Gutian kings from the beginning of their appearance in the area of Zagros that they ruled for a period in the north of Mesopotamia just like other old nation of Zagros. Later they were able to over throw the Akkadian Empire and rule for more than a century most areas of Mesopotamia (area of Akkad and Sumerian as well as Lagash). The research deals with the names of more than (25) Gutian kings with their surname if they were available because some of these kings were found without any surnames because we don’t know what surname have been used in the Gutian language for their kings and till now no list or record have been found for Gutian kings names and surnames that us by the gutis, what is available is a list of Sumerian kings names that contains the names of Gutian kings, according to Cuneiform sources Gutian kings had only the surname of king (LUGAL) or even they don’t have this surname, and this is really doubtful because Gutian kings were very different in their force, power and areas of their governance and the changes were obvious in the areas of their power according to the records of Cuneiform texts that found till now, in this research the researcher tries to shed light on all the thoughts and beliefs concerning the names, surnames and the period of power of Gutian kings especially in the period of their power in most areas of Mesopotamia, the research mainly depends on the list of Sumerian kings.

ڕەنگدانەوەی داب و نەریت و گیروگرفتە كۆمەڵایەتییەكانی كۆمەڵگەی كوردی لە ڕۆژنامەوانيی كوردیدا لە عێراق (1958-1968)

ئازاد عوبێد ساڵح, ڕێباز لوقمان ڕەشاد

    The period between 1958-1968 is considered an important period in contemporary history because of the political changes that occurred in South Kurdistan and the region, such as changes in the system of governance in Iraq and the September Revolution. There is no doubt that these incidents have an impact on the social aspects, customs and traditions of Kurdish society. especially freedom of the press at the beginning of the July 14, 1958 revolution, which led to the publication of a large number of newspapers and magazines, which played a role in spreading awareness and pointing to problems and wounds In the hope of finding a solution, event journalism mirrors the changes of its time, , especially the social aspects, including the customs and traditions of society in newspapers, because customs and traditions are directly related to people's lives.  During this period, journalists have pointed out many beautiful traditions, but there were also some bad traditions that hindered the progress of society in the social field, such as believing in writings and fortune-tellers. Some of the traditions of marriage mentioned during this period, created many bad consequences for families that were a reason for the backwardness of Kurdish society, during this period, journalists were trying to promote and disseminate and raise the level of family awareness and the presentation of women's rights and the importance of raising children in a healthy and successful manner, have had their own influence and role in this regard.

The research includes four main topics: the first topic refers to the traditions of society and national beliefs, the second topic focuses on the family, the role and position of women, raising children and forming a successful family Games, holidays and social events are presented in the third chapter, while social problems are discussed in the fourth chapter. Finally, the results of the research are discussed

سیما ئەفسانەییەکان لە ڕۆمانی 'کەنداڵی نەزر'ی بەناز عەلیدا

سومەييە نەجيب خەليل, جەلال ئەنوەر سەعيد,

The most important point of connection between the novel and fiction is the human 'collective consciousness'. Then there are “'archetypes “which are the main basis of fiction and fantasy. This connection between these two literary genres has led to the emergence of a new criticism called 'mythological criticism'. This type of criticism focuses on how myths and “archetypes' “appear in literary texts. In the novel “Kandali Nazr”, there are mythological signs and symbols in both visible and hidden forms, which can be read and interpreted to give a new reading of the text of the novel. The aim of this study is to identify the mythological characteristics of this novel based on mythological criticism. Reading the novel ““Kandali Nazr”” in this way, while revealing the mythical world, shows that one of the important principles of this novel is the departure and collapse of the goddess woman. In the modern world, these goddess women are confronted with the opposite image of their former world and gradually change and lose their goddess characteristics. Arya, because of the suspicion she was gifted by the evil during her birth, she stands against the mental image of a human being and as a result loses her strength and power and becomes a worthless girl and is violated by men and even attempted to rape and kill her.

شیكردنەوەی باری دەروونیی ئاخێوەر لە زمانەوانیی دەروونیدا

ئەمیر موحەممەد موحەممەدئەمین

    This study, which is titled "An analysis of the interlocutor's psychological conditions in psycholinguistics", is a psycholinguistic study. It uses an analytical descriptive method to analyse the interlocutors’ utterances and dialogue. The scope of the study is limited to Central Kurdish and its significance lies in analysing the psychological conditions or mental states of Kurdish interlocutors during speaking as speakers’ utterances are loaded with and show different mental states or psychological conditions of the speaker besides the essential linguistic forms expressed and the functions performed based on certain linguistic norms. The study, in addition to the introduction, results, references, and an abstract in both Arabic and English, includes two sections:

    The first  section discusses the emergence of psycholinguistics, definitions of psycholinguistics, psycholinguistic behavior, development of psycholinguistics, psycholinguistics developmental, psycholinguistics experimental, speakers psychological aspects, psychological sense making as well as the psychological phenomenon.

   The second section presents the analysis of the psychological aspects of interlocutors’ linguistic expressions or utterances that includes such topics as how language works and functions, competence and performance by Chomsky, the role of psycholinguistics in the linguistic community and its impact on the individuals, linguistic utterances, and the mental state of interlocutors.

کرێکار لە شیعری نوێ و هاوچەرخی کوردیدا

عەتا رەشید حسێن, عەباس ساڵح عه‌بدوڵلا,

This paper, entitled (Laborers in Modern and Contemporary Kurdish Poetry), is an attempt to focus on laborers class in a scientific way. Throughout history, this class of people have been using their physical power to earn a living for themselves and their families. Laborers’ tiredness and hard work have become the material and subject of many artistic and delicate Kurdish poems. In their poems, poets have passed their message to the laborers in particular, and the entire community in general.

This paper consists of an introduction, two main sections, conclusions and the references. Section one is a theoretical part that discusses the reflection of laborers in the history of humanity and the Kurdish community, as well as the impact of the ideology of socialism on laborers’ life. Section two is an applied part in which several samples of Kurdish poems on laborers have been analyzed.

گرنگی پلاندانان بۆ ڕووماڵکردنی هەواڵ لە کەناڵە ئاسمانییە کوردییەکاندا

سامان جەلال, عوبەید سوبحی عوبەیدوڵڵا

It is not long that Kurdish news televisions have come into existence; now that we have many Kurdish news channels, we constantly see coverage of incidents, latest and daily news. It would not have been possible for this work to produce a good and influential coverage and a well-prepared news without previous preparations and planning. These preparations are the daily work of planning section staff in newsroom of satellite channels, so the importance and impact of plan depends on paying attention to this section.

In this theoretical research I have attempted to shed light on the role, importance and effect of planning section of Rudaw satellite channel, in pre-planning for covering latest news, expected events and production of news.

The main purpose of this research is to know the manner and the way work is done by planning section of a news channel, in addition to analyzing the way transfer of ideas of media work is conducted from sections of newsroom to planning section, as well as, the way the draft idea of planning is touched and enriched and later the evaluation of the idea through daily meetings of newsroom and sending them to other sections in line with conducting them in practice.

Along with these three phases, opinion of reporters, head of sections and their assistants, head of newsroom desks, news editors, producers and broadcasters were taken.

The significance of this research lies in the fact that it is an academic move for analyzing and tackling the relations between planning section of a satellite channel newsroom and coverage of latest news, furthermore showing the mechanism of the  daily work of plan section for the way it receives ideas of media work of the desks and sections and then their evaluation, set up and composition of the final plan that is prepared in advance for coverage of any expected latest news or event or production of news that is seen daily as a package in news times

هونه‌‌ره‌كانی سه‌روا له‌ شیعره‌ عه‌رووزییه‌كانی گۆراندا

كاروان ئه‌حمه‌د حه‌مه‌د

The present paper generally deals with rhyme in Goran’s poems. It is an analytical descriptive work attempts to examine and present the rhyme devices and techniques used by Goran as well as statistically presenting the different types of rhyme used in his poems. The scope of the work only covers the (42) prosodic poems of Goran written in the Arabic Prosody Rhythm. The work aims at highlighting the rhyme side of the selected (prosodic) poems, while defocusing the whole prosodic side of them. It also aims at showing Groan’s craftsmanship and artistry in using the rhyme devices and techniques, and his commitment to rhyme. The study, along with its introduction and conclusion, is divided into two main sections: the first section addresses rhyme and the sounds of rhyme like nucleus, onset and coda, and the other details of rhyme, as well as the rhyming word, the pre-rhyming word and the post-rhyming word. The second section is dedicated to the different types of rhyme used by Goran, like Unified Rhyme, Mathnawi Rhyme, Quatrain Rhyme, Sestina Rhyme, Octave Rhyme and Stanza. Then, the statistics and percentages of each of these types of rhyme are presented. The study ends with some conclusions drawn.

هونەری گێڕانەوە لە ڕۆمانی (خۆڵەمێشی تەرمی کتێبێک)دا

نەجم خالد نه‌جمەددين ئەڵوەنی

This novel is the first attempt of the fiction writer (Muhammad saeed zangana) in the field of novel writing and published in the year (2021). in it٫ the writer deals with the social٫ political and cultural life of the city of kirkuk. and throug it, he tries to provide a realistic picture of lif in this city. The presents the kurdish issue in kirkuk and deals with plitical factors that prerented it from joining the current political geography of the kurdistan Region, especially after years of the repressive Baathist regime’s fall. He also links between thes factors and the failure of establish an independent kurdish state, despite the the huge sacrifices made by the kurdish people to obtain their right to independence, like most of the world's peoples.

This study consists of four axes, dealing with artistic constrution of the imagined characters and their difference from the real ones, including the personality of the writer who plays in this text two roles: a narrative character bearing the name and heart of the author as is known in literary circles, especially fictional ones, and the role of the author who is entrusted with the task of writing.  This novel is written by some of his real friends who play with him within this novel the role of similar story characters.

The study dealt with the structure of the dialogic language of the characters participating in the narrative text, the process of intertextuality and the interaction between this novel and texts of sayings by wellـknown writers, artists and sages in literary, artistic and international circles suchas George Bernard Shaw, Beethoven, Confucius and others... The description had its share in this study and the researcher dealt with the descriptive image of the characters and the possible places in which the facts of this novel occurred.

In conclusion, the researcher pointed out the most important findings of the research and the main sources that he relied on in writing this study.